É sempre bom ter Edward S. Herman na mesa de cabeceira

Por outras palavras: pensar a autocensura nas práticas jornalísticas com efeitos idênticos a uma "censura formal de Estado": «A autocensura, as forças do mercado e as normas das práticas noticiosas podem produzir a manter uma perspectiva particular tão eficazmente como uma censura formal do Estado" (in Jornalismo, Questões, Teorias, Estórias, N. Traquina (org.), Vega, 1993.

Do mesmo autor: THE PROPAGANDA MODEL: A RETROSPECTIVE: «In Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, Noam Chomsky and I put forward a "propaganda model" as a framework for analysing and understanding how the mainstream U.S. media work and why they perform as they do (Herman and Chomsky 1988). We had long been impressed with the regularity with which the media operate on the basis of a set of ideological premises, depend heavily and uncritically on elite information sources, and participate in propaganda campaigns helpful to elite interests. In trying to explain why they do this we looked to structural factors as the only possible root of the systematic patterns of behavior and performance.»